(+)-14-hydroxycodeinone

(+)-14-hydroxycodeinone is a small molecule and a (+)-isomer opioid derivative that functions as a potent antagonist of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Unlike traditional (-)-opioids, this (+)-enantiomer does not bind to classical opioid receptors, thereby avoiding opioid-related side effects and addiction potential. It specifically inhibits the TLR4–TRIF signaling pathway, leading to the suppression of microglial activation and the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area. Developed by researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is being investigated for its potential to treat morphine addiction by reducing behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference. It is significantly more potent than (+)-naltrexone and serves as a synthetic precursor in its production.

Other names

(+)-14-hydroxycodeinone