(exendin-4)2-Fc

**(exendin-4)2-Fc** is a long-acting, recombinant fusion protein engineered to function as an agonist of the **glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)**. It consists of two exendin-4 (Ex-4) peptide chains fused to the Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin G, which significantly prolongs its plasma half-life compared to exendin-4 alone. Originally developed to treat metabolic diseases, its primary indications are **obesity** and **type 2 diabetes**. Mechanistically, it enhances glucose metabolism and induces weight loss, largely by **activating GLP-1 receptors**, regulating energy homeostasis, and modifying gut microbiota composition. It also attenuates obesity-related inflammation by suppressing leptin expression and promoting a shift in adipose tissue macrophage populations. Studies suggest its improved efficacy over standard exendin-4 and other GLP-1 agonists, with unique effects driven partly by the microbiome and metabolites such as inosine[1][2][3][4][5][6].

Other names

(Ex-4)2–Fcexendin-4–Fc dimer(Ex-4)~2~-Fc