1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose

1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound and a major gallotannin found in various medicinal plants, including *Paeonia lactiflora* (peony root), *Curcuma longa* (turmeric), and *Mangifera indica* (mango). As a research compound, it has demonstrated a wide range of pharmacological activities in preclinical studies, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-tumorigenic effects. Its mechanism of action is multi-targeted: it induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression through the activation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, inhibits the binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to its receptor VEGFR2 (KDR/Flk-1), modulates the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, and stabilizes p53 by inhibiting UBE2T-mediated ubiquitination. PGG is currently being investigated for potential therapeutic applications in hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis B virus infection, diabetic nephropathy, and neurodegenerative diseases, although it is not yet a commercial drug.

Other names

Pentagalloylglucose1,2,3,4,6-Pentagalloylglucosebeta-Pentagalloylglucose1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranosePentagalloyl-beta-D-glucose