20(S)-protopanaxadiol

20(S)-protopanaxadiol is a dammarane-type triterpenoid that serves as the aglycone (non-sugar) derivative of major ginsenosides found in plants such as Panax ginseng, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and Aralia elata[1][7]. It is a metabolite of ginseng saponins and is formed by the deglycosylation of ginsenosides in the gut[8][9]. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that 20(S)-protopanaxadiol exhibits anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis in various tumor cells, including human endometrial cancer and colon cancer[4][5]. The anticancer effects are mediated through multiple pathways: activation of caspases (especially caspase-9), cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), inhibition of Akt activity, and suppression of NF-κB, JNK, and MAPK/ERK signaling[4][5]. In addition to its antitumor properties, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol has also been shown to prolong lifespan and enhance stress resistance in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans via modulation of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway[6]. As of current data, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol is not approved as a pharmaceutical drug for any indication and remains a subject of preclinical research. Its main relevance is as a bioactive natural product and a lead compound for drug discovery. **Molecular properties** - Molecular formula: C₃₀H₅₂O₃ - Molecular weight: 460.73 g/mol - Appearance: White solid - Melting point: 197–200 °C - Density: 1.036 g/cm³ - Solubility: Slightly soluble in chloroform, methanol, and pyridine[3]

Other names

(20S)-Protopanaxadiol30636-90-920(S)-APPD20(S)-Protopanaxdiol(3β,12β,20S)-dammar-24-ene-3,12,20-triolProtopanasadiolCHEMBL375563CHEMBL-375563CHEMBL 375563MFCD12032048MFCD-12032048MFCD 12032048CHEMBL280986CHEMBL-280986CHEMBL 28098620-EpiprotopanaxadiolProtopanaxadiol20S-ProtopanoxadiolProtopanaxdiol,98%ProtopanaxdiolDammar-24-ene-3,12,20-triol, (3beta,12beta)-ProtopanoxadiolProtopanaxadiol-RM