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3'-Sialyllactose (often abbreviated as 3'SL) is a sialylated trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). It is a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) naturally present in human and bovine milk. Structurally, it consists of an N-acetylneuraminic acid residue linked to the galactosyl unit of lactose at the third position. As a prebiotic compound, it supports immune homeostasis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. In infants, it helps prevent pathogen adhesion in the gut by mimicking host cell surface glycans that pathogens target. It also promotes beneficial gut microbiota such as Bifidobacteria[7][5][8]. Industrially produced via microbial fermentation using genetically modified Escherichia coli K12 strains[6], it is used primarily as an ingredient in infant formula or dietary supplements to mimic the functional benefits of HMOs found in breast milk.
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