6-bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime

6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) is a cell-permeable, synthetic small-molecule derivative of 6-bromoindirubin, a natural compound found in Tyrian purple from the Mediterranean mollusk Hexaplex trunculus. It acts as a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha/beta (GSK-3α/β) with an IC50 of approximately 5 nM. By inhibiting GSK-3, BIO activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which has been shown to maintain self-renewal and pluripotency in human and mouse embryonic stem cells. Additionally, BIO exhibits weaker inhibitory activity against cyclin-dependent kinases CDK1 and CDK5, and acts as a pan-JAK inhibitor. It is widely used as a research tool to study stem cell biology, cellular differentiation, and various disease models including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

Other names

6-BIO6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime6BIOGSK-3 Inhibitor IXGSK3 Inhibitor IXGSK 3 Inhibitor IX