6-hydroxydopamine + rotenone

**6-hydroxydopamine + rotenone** refers to the co-administration or co-application of two neurotoxic small molecules. **6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)** is a neurotoxin structurally related to dopamine, which enters cells via dopamine or norepinephrine transporters and is used to selectively destroy catecholaminergic neurons. Its mechanism involves inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and IV, formation of reactive semiquinone intermediates, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). **Rotenone** is a highly lipophilic mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, commonly used as an insecticide and pesticide, as well as a research compound for modeling Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Rotenone enters cells passively and causes mitochondrial dysfunction by irreversible inhibition of complex I, leading to increased ROS and cell death. The combination is widely used experimentally to model mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress relevant to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease[1][2].

Other names

6-OHDA + rotenone