adalimumab + calcipotriol + betamethasone

This is a combination therapy consisting of adalimumab, calcipotriol (also known as calcipotriene), and betamethasone. Adalimumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), inhibiting its pro-inflammatory activity and thereby reducing inflammation in autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis. Calcipotriol is a synthetic vitamin D3 analog that modulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, helping to normalize skin cell growth in psoriasis. Betamethasone is a potent synthetic corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, commonly used topically to reduce redness, itching, and swelling associated with inflammatory skin conditions. This combination may be used adjunctively for patients with plaque psoriasis who have an inadequate response to biologic monotherapy; the topical agents address residual localized lesions while adalimumab provides systemic control[1][5]. The combined mechanisms target both immune-mediated inflammation (adalimumab) and abnormal keratinocyte behavior/inflammation at the skin level (calcipotriol + betamethasone)[1][5].