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adriamycin + cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone + quinine + verapamil + vincristine

Development stage: Preclinical
Modality: Orthosteric Ligands → Classical Binding Small Molecules → Small Molecules
Administration: Intravenous, Oral

Overview

This is a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of six drugs: - Adriamycin (doxorubicin): an anthracycline antibiotic that intercalates DNA, inhibiting topoisomerase II and generating free radicals, leading to cytotoxicity. - Cyclophosphamide: an alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA strands, preventing cell division. - Dexamethasone: a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects; used here for its lympholytic activity. - Vincristine: a vinca alkaloid that inhibits microtubule formation in mitosis, arresting cell division. - Verapamil: a calcium channel blocker used as a chemosensitizer to inhibit P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux (multidrug resistance). - Quinine: an antimalarial also used as a chemosensitizer to inhibit drug resistance mechanisms. This specific combination is not standard but has been studied in patients with breast cancer who failed conventional CVAD therapy. The addition of verapamil and quinine aims to overcome multidrug resistance by sensitizing tumor cells to chemotherapy. The regimen has shown some additional clinical responses in refractory cases[1].

Other names: CVAD plus verapamil and quinine

Targets

TOP2A (DNA topoisomerase II)ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein)GR (Glucocorticoid receptor)TUBB (Tubulin (alpha and beta subunits))DNA

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