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all-trans retinoic acid + isotretinoin
- Development stage
- Unknown
- Lead developer
- Kafrelsheikh University
- Modality
- Small Molecules
- Administration
- Inhalation
01
Overview
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) are being investigated by Kafrelsheikh University as an inhaled combination therapy for the treatment of severe COVID-19. This small molecule retinoid approach aims to downregulate the expression of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and CD13, which are utilized by SARS-CoV-2 for cellular entry. Furthermore, the therapy is intended to restore exhausted T cell populations, induce mucosal neutralizing antibodies (IgA), and modulate the inflammatory response by reducing cytokines such as IL-6 and affecting bradykinin receptors. The treatment is delivered via aerosol to target the respiratory tract directly, potentially preventing or treating respiratory failure in hospitalized patients.
- Other names
- all-trans retinoic acidATRAtretinoinisotretinoin13-cis retinoic acidall trans retinoic acid-Kafrelsheikh University-COVID-19
02
Targets
TMPRSS2 (Transmembrane protease serine 2)ACE2 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2)Mpro (3C-like proteinase of SARS-CoV-2)RXR (RXR family)
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