all-trans retinoic acid + toripalimab + TPC

This is a combination therapy consisting of three components: - **All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, also known as tretinoin):** A small molecule derivative of vitamin A that acts as an agonist at nuclear retinoic acid receptors. It is used primarily in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and certain dermatological conditions. In oncology, it induces differentiation and maturation of leukemic cells by binding to the RAR/RXR nuclear receptor complex, leading to changes in gene expression[1][3][5]. - **Toripalimab:** A humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death protein 1 (PD-1), functioning as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. By blocking PD-1 on T-cells, it prevents interaction with its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2 on tumor cells, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. Toripalimab is approved for several cancers including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and melanoma[6][8][10]. - **TPC:** The specific identity of "TPC" in this context is unclear from available sources; it may refer to a chemotherapy regimen or another agent combined with ATRA and toripalimab. This combination represents a multi-modal approach integrating targeted differentiation therapy (ATRA), immunotherapy (toripalimab), and potentially cytotoxic or supportive therapy ("TPC") for cancer treatment.

Other names

all-trans retinoic acid + toripalimab + TPC