alpha-lipoic acid + allopurinol + nicotinamide

This triple antioxidant combination therapy, developed by the University of Michigan, consists of alpha-lipoic acid, allopurinol, and nicotinamide. It was designed to target oxidative stress pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. Alpha-lipoic acid acts as a free radical scavenger and mitochondrial enzyme cofactor, allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase to reduce superoxide production, and nicotinamide serves as a precursor for NAD+ to support cellular energy metabolism and DNA repair. Despite the mechanistic rationale, a Phase 2/3 clinical trial (NCT00116207) demonstrated that the regimen failed to prevent the progression of CAN or improve myocardial blood flow, leading to the cessation of its development.

Other names

Triple antioxidant combination therapyAntioxidant Combination for Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy