amlodipine + spironolactone

Amlodipine + spironolactone is a combination of two antihypertensive agents used for the management of high blood pressure, particularly in patients with resistant hypertension. Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that inhibits the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, leading to vasodilation and reduced peripheral vascular resistance. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and aldosterone receptor antagonist that promotes sodium and water excretion while retaining potassium by blocking the action of aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptors. This combination targets different mechanisms involved in blood pressure regulation, providing additive or synergistic effects for lowering blood pressure[3][5][6][7]. Both drugs are approved individually for hypertension; their combined use may be considered in cases where monotherapy or dual therapy with other agents fails to achieve adequate control.