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amyl nitrite + sodium nitrite + sodium thiosulfate
- Development stage
- Unknown
- Lead developer
- Laboratoire TROIKAA
- Modality
- Small Molecules
- Administration
- Intravenous, Inhalation
01
Overview
The Cyanide Antidote Kit is a combination therapeutic product used for the emergency treatment of acute cyanide poisoning. It typically consists of three components: amyl nitrite (inhalant), sodium nitrite (intravenous injection), and sodium thiosulfate (intravenous injection). The nitrites (amyl and sodium) function by oxidizing the ferrous iron in hemoglobin to ferric iron, creating methemoglobin. Methemoglobin has a high affinity for cyanide ions and sequesters them from cytochrome c oxidase, forming cyanomethemoglobin and restoring mitochondrial respiration. Sodium thiosulfate then acts as a sulfur donor for the mitochondrial enzyme rhodanese (thiosulfate sulfurtransferase), which catalyzes the conversion of cyanide into thiocyanate. Thiocyanate is relatively non-toxic and is excreted by the kidneys. This sequential mechanism of sequestration followed by enzymatic detoxification provides a comprehensive approach to neutralizing cyanide toxicity.
- Brand names
- Cyanide Antidote Kit
- Other names
- Taylor Cyanide Antidote KitPasadena Cyanide Antidote Kit
02
Targets
MPST (Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase)TST (Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase)COX7C (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial)
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