angiotensin-(3-4)

Angiotensin-(3-4) (Ang-(3-4) or Val-Tyr) is the shortest peptide derived from angiotensin II, consisting of the dipeptide valine and tyrosine. It is formed through successive hydrolysis of longer angiotensins in both plasma and kidney, making it a component of the systemic and organ-based renin–angiotensin system. Angiotensin-(3-4) acts as a potent antihypertensive agent in humans and rats, primarily by inhibiting fluid reabsorption in renal proximal tubule cells, leading to increased urinary sodium excretion. Mechanistically, it counteracts effects mediated by the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) by acting as an allosteric enhancer at the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). This action modulates ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ transporters via a cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway. It is orally bioavailable due to its resistance to hydrolysis and high intestinal permeability[1][3].

Other names

Ang-(3-4)Val-Tyr