antiretroviral therapy + hydroxychloroquine

This is a combination regimen consisting of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and hydroxychloroquine. Antiretroviral therapy refers to the use of combinations of drugs that target various stages of the HIV life cycle, aiming to suppress viral replication and restore immune function in people living with HIV. Hydroxychloroquine is a small molecule drug originally developed as an antimalarial agent but also used as a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) for autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. In the context of HIV, hydroxychloroquine has been investigated for its immunomodulatory effects, particularly its ability to reduce immune activation by inhibiting endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. This combination has been studied in clinical trials for potential benefits in controlling immune activation or latent viral reservoirs in people on ART, but evidence does not support routine use outside research settings[3][4].