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Argon + oxygen is a medicinal gas mixture being investigated for its neuroprotective properties during high-risk vascular surgeries. Developed by the Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, this combination is specifically being evaluated in the PAIRS trial for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) to prevent perioperative ischemic brain injury and postoperative cognitive decline. Argon, an inert gas, exerts its effects through multiple pathways, including the regulation of TLR2/4, ERK1/2, Nrf2, and NF-κB signaling. It has been shown to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and suppress microglial activation, thereby reducing neuroinflammation and secondary neuronal damage. Unlike xenon, argon is cost-effective and technologically simpler to administer via inhalation.
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