As4S4 + ZnS + Fe3O4

A multifunctional **nanocomposite drug** formulated by combining tetraarsenic tetrasulfide (**As4S4**, realgar), zinc sulfide (**ZnS**), and magnetite (**Fe3O4**), typically in a 1:4:1 molar ratio. This nanocomposite has demonstrated potent **antitumor activity** in vitro and ex vivo against **multiple myeloma** (MM) cell lines and primary patient samples. The primary mechanisms include induction of caspase- and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and downregulation of c-Myc expression, alongside modulation of key cell cycle regulators (such as p-ATM/ATM, p-ATR/ATR, Chk2, cyclin B1, and histones). The nanocomposite also activates several MM-related signaling pathways (JNK1/2/3, ERK1/2, mTOR) and demonstrates a synergistic effect when combined with established chemotherapeutics like lenalidomide, pomalidomide, or melphalan. While designed for anti-myeloma therapy, Fe3O4 contributes magnetic and imaging properties, ZnS stabilizes the formulation and can act as an additional therapeutic or delivery modulator, and As4S4 serves as the main cytotoxic agent[1][3][4].

Other names

As4S4/ZnS/Fe3O4 nanocompositerealgar-zinc sulfide-magnetite nanocomposite3NPs