aspirin + metoprolol + ramipril + atorvastatin

This combination of aspirin, metoprolol, ramipril, and atorvastatin is a multi-drug pharmacological regimen used as a standard-of-care foundation treatment for patients with stable angina pectoris. In clinical trials conducted by Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, this specific combination serves as the baseline therapy to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine interventions, such as acupoint herbal plasters. The regimen addresses multiple cardiovascular risk factors and symptoms: aspirin provides antiplatelet effects by irreversibly inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1; metoprolol is a cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist that reduces heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption; ramipril is an ACE inhibitor that manages hypertension and provides cardioprotection; and atorvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that lowers LDL cholesterol and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques.