aspirin + NSAIDs + paracetamol

This is a combination of three types of analgesic and antipyretic agents: - **Aspirin** is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by irreversibly inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), leading to reduced synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxane, which mediate pain, inflammation, fever, and platelet aggregation. - **NSAIDs** (excluding aspirin) are a class of drugs that also inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes to reduce inflammation, pain, and fever. Common examples include ibuprofen and naproxen. They differ from aspirin in their reversibility on COX inhibition. - **Paracetamol** (acetaminophen) is an analgesic and antipyretic agent with minimal anti-inflammatory activity. It primarily acts by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system via COX inhibition. The combination aims to provide enhanced pain relief through multiple mechanisms—peripheral anti-inflammatory effects from NSAIDs/aspirin plus central analgesia from paracetamol. Such combinations are used for moderate-to-severe pain where monotherapy may be insufficient[7][8]. However, combining these agents increases the risk of adverse effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding (from NSAIDs/aspirin), renal toxicity (especially with chronic use), hepatotoxicity (from paracetamol overdose or interaction with alcohol), and other side effects[1][5][7].

Other names

aspirin + acetaminophen + ibuprofenacetylsalicylic acid + ibuprofen + paracetamol