Autologous T cells + cyclophosphamide

This is a combination therapy consisting of autologous T cells (often genetically modified or expanded ex vivo) and cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent. Cyclophosphamide is used as a preconditioning regimen to deplete regulatory T cells and create immunologic space, thereby enhancing the engraftment, expansion, and antitumor activity of adoptively transferred autologous T cells. The approach is primarily investigated in cancer immunotherapy settings such as adoptive cell transfer for solid tumors or hematological malignancies. Cyclophosphamide acts by crosslinking DNA in rapidly dividing cells leading to apoptosis, while also exerting immunomodulatory effects that support the efficacy of cellular therapies[5][6][8]. Autologous T cell therapies are developed by various academic centers and biotechnology companies; cyclophosphamide is manufactured by multiple pharmaceutical companies.