avelumab + pexastimogene devacirepvec + cyclophosphamide

This is a combination therapy consisting of three agents with distinct mechanisms of action, primarily under investigation for cancer treatment: **Avelumab** is a monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), blocking its interaction with PD-1 and B7.1 receptors, thereby enhancing T-cell mediated anti-tumor immune responses. **Pexastimogene devacirepvec (JX-594, Pexa-Vec)** is an oncolytic vaccinia virus engineered to selectively replicate in and lyse cancer cells with high thymidine kinase activity. It expresses human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to stimulate anti-tumor immunity and has additional mechanisms including vascular disruption within tumors[1][2][3][4]. **Cyclophosphamide** is an alkylating agent from the nitrogen mustard family used as chemotherapy and immunosuppressant. It works by cross-linking DNA strands, leading to cell death in rapidly dividing cells such as cancer cells[5][7][8]. This combination aims to synergistically enhance direct tumor cell killing (via viral oncolysis and chemotherapy) while promoting robust anti-tumor immune responses through both viral GM-CSF expression and checkpoint inhibition.

Brand names

Pexa-Vec

Other names

cytophosphane