bevacizumab + dexamethasone + verteporfin + zeaxanthin

This is a combination therapy consisting of four agents: - **Bevacizumab** is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), thereby reducing angiogenesis and vascular permeability. - **Dexamethasone** is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant properties, often used to reduce inflammation in ocular diseases. - **Verteporfin** is a photosensitizing agent used in photodynamic therapy; upon activation by laser light, it produces reactive oxygen species that occlude abnormal blood vessels, particularly in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization. - **Zeaxanthin** is a dietary carotenoid antioxidant found in the macula of the eye, thought to protect against oxidative damage and support retinal health. This combination targets multiple pathogenic mechanisms involved in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME): anti-angiogenesis (bevacizumab), anti-inflammation (dexamethasone), photodynamic vessel closure (verteporfin), and antioxidative protection/support for retinal cells (zeaxanthin). While combinations of some of these agents—particularly bevacizumab with dexamethasone or verteporfin—have been studied for synergistic effects on visual acuity improvement and reduction of disease activity[1][2][3][4][5][6], there are no widely recognized fixed-dose products containing all four ingredients together. The rationale for such multi-modal therapy would be to address both angiogenic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and structural components underlying complex retinal disorders.