bevacizumab + dorzolamide + timolol

This is a combination therapy consisting of three active pharmaceutical ingredients: - **Bevacizumab** is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), thereby reducing abnormal blood vessel growth and vascular permeability. It is primarily used as an intravitreal injection for ocular diseases such as diabetic macular edema (DME) and age-related macular degeneration. - **Dorzolamide** is a small molecule carbonic anhydrase inhibitor administered topically to lower intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production. - **Timolol** is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist (beta-blocker) also administered topically to reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production. The combination of intravitreal bevacizumab with topical dorzolamide and timolol has been investigated as adjunctive therapy in the management of diabetic macular edema, aiming to enhance anatomical and functional outcomes by combining anti-VEGF effects with reduction in intraocular pressure. Clinical studies suggest that this combination may provide short-term improvements in visual acuity and central macular thickness compared to bevacizumab alone, though results are mixed regarding long-term benefit[1][2][3][4].