bevacizumab + hydroxychloroquine

Bevacizumab + hydroxychloroquine is an investigational combination therapy consisting of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and hydroxychloroquine, a small molecule autophagy inhibitor. Bevacizumab inhibits angiogenesis by binding to VEGF-A, thereby preventing the growth of new blood vessels that supply tumors. Hydroxychloroquine blocks autophagy by inhibiting lysosomal acidification and autophagosome-lysosome fusion, leading to accumulation of damaged organelles and increased tumor cell death. This combination has been studied primarily in recurrent glioblastoma and metastatic colorectal cancer, where preclinical and early clinical data suggest that hydroxychloroquine may potentiate the anti-tumor effects of bevacizumab by overcoming resistance mechanisms mediated through cytoprotective autophagy[1][2][6][8].