bupivacaine + dexamethasone + morphine

This triple-combination analgesic regimen was evaluated by researchers at Ain Shams University for the management of postoperative pain following knee arthroscopy. The combination consists of bupivacaine, a local anesthetic that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels; morphine, an opioid analgesic that acts as an agonist at mu-opioid receptors; and dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid that provides anti-inflammatory effects and prolongs the duration of local analgesia. Administered as a single intra-articular injection at the conclusion of surgery, this combination aims to reduce pain scores, delay the first request for rescue analgesia, and decrease total postoperative opioid consumption. The trial conducted was a Phase 4 study evaluating the off-label use of these approved medications in combination.

Other names

dexamethasone + morphine + bupivacaineintra-articular dexamethasone, morphine, and bupivacaine