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bupivacaine + morphine sulfate + epinephrine + ketorolac
- Development stage
- Unknown
- Lead developer
- AstraZeneca
- Modality
- Small Molecules
- Administration
- Periarticular, Intraarticular
01
Overview
A multimodal analgesic combination used for periarticular and intra-articular injection during orthopedic surgeries, particularly total joint replacements. This combination provides synergistic pain relief through different mechanisms: bupivacaine (local anesthetic), morphine sulfate (opioid analgesic), epinephrine (vasoconstrictor that prolongs anesthetic effect), and ketorolac (NSAID with anti-inflammatory properties).
- Other names
- Multimodal DrugMultimodal CocktailPeri-Articular-Multimodal Drug
02
Targets
DOR (Opioid Receptor Delta 1)PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2)ADRB1 (β1)KOR (Kappa opioid receptor)NaV (Voltage-gated sodium channels)ADRA1A (α1A)MOR (Mu opioid receptor)Kir (Inward-rectifier potassium channels)PGHS-1 (Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 1)
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