bupivacaine + verapamil

This is an investigational combination of the local anesthetic **bupivacaine** and the calcium channel blocker **verapamil**, being evaluated by **Ain Shams University** for postoperative pain management. In this application, verapamil is used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks for patients undergoing hand surgeries. Bupivacaine works by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels to inhibit nerve impulse conduction. Verapamil, traditionally used for cardiovascular conditions, is hypothesized to enhance and prolong the duration of the sensory and motor blockade provided by the local anesthetic, potentially through its action on calcium channels or local anesthetic-like effects on nerve fibers. The combination aims to extend the duration of analgesia and reduce the requirement for rescue postoperative analgesic consumption.

Other names

bupivacaine and verapamilverapamil as adjuvant to bupivacaine