captopril + frusemide + nifedipine

This is a combination therapy consisting of three antihypertensive agents: - **Captopril** is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that lowers blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and reduced aldosterone secretion. - **Frusemide** (also known as furosemide) is a loop diuretic that acts on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney, promoting excretion of sodium, chloride, and water, thereby reducing fluid overload and lowering blood pressure. - **Nifedipine** is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that inhibits L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle and myocardium, resulting in vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance. The combination targets multiple mechanisms involved in hypertension and heart failure. Captopril reduces vasoconstriction; frusemide decreases fluid volume; nifedipine relaxes vascular smooth muscle. This multi-drug regimen may be used for patients with resistant hypertension or heart failure where monotherapy or dual therapy are insufficient[1][2][4][6].