carmustine + lonidamine + mitomycin C

This is a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of carmustine, lonidamine, and mitomycin C. Carmustine (also known as BCNU) is an alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA and RNA, leading to inhibition of DNA replication and transcription. Mitomycin C is an antitumor antibiotic that also acts as a DNA crosslinker, causing cytotoxicity primarily in hypoxic tumor cells. Lonidamine is an indazole-carboxylic acid derivative that inhibits aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells by targeting mitochondrial hexokinase II and other metabolic pathways; it can potentiate the cytotoxic effects of other chemotherapeutic agents by disrupting energy metabolism in tumor cells. This combination has been investigated for its synergistic effects in advanced colorectal cancer, with studies suggesting enhanced efficacy when lonidamine is added to the regimen[1][2]. The primary indication studied was advanced colorectal cancer.