celecoxib + buprenorphine + tizanidine

This combination therapy is a multimodal analgesic regimen being investigated by the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, for the management of postoperative pain and functional recovery in patients following shoulder arthroscopy for rotator cuff tears. The regimen consists of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor; buprenorphine, a partial mu-opioid receptor agonist administered via a transdermal patch; and tizanidine, a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used as a skeletal muscle relaxant. By targeting multiple pain pathways—peripheral inflammation, central opioid signaling, and muscle spasticity—the combination aims to provide superior pain relief and improve joint function compared to standard dual-therapy regimens.