cisplatin + cyclosporin A + etoposide

This is a combination regimen consisting of three drugs—cisplatin, cyclosporin A, and etoposide. Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent that forms DNA crosslinks and induces apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. Etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that causes DNA strand breaks, leading to cell death. Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressant primarily used to prevent organ transplant rejection but has also been investigated as a modulator of multidrug resistance in cancer therapy by inhibiting P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux. The combination aims to enhance the cytotoxic effects against cancer cells (notably small-cell lung cancer) and potentially overcome chemotherapy resistance mechanisms.