cisplatin + nivolumab + paclitaxel

This is a combination regimen consisting of three anti-cancer agents: - **Cisplatin** is a platinum-based chemotherapy that forms DNA crosslinks, leading to apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. - **Nivolumab** is a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor on T cells. By blocking PD-1, it prevents cancer cells from evading immune detection and enhances T-cell mediated antitumor activity. - **Paclitaxel** is a microtubule inhibitor that stabilizes microtubules and inhibits their disassembly, thereby preventing cell division and inducing apoptosis. This combination has been investigated in clinical trials for advanced or metastatic solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The rationale for combining these agents lies in the potential synergistic effect of immunotherapy (nivolumab) with cytotoxic chemotherapy (cisplatin and paclitaxel), which may enhance tumor response rates by both direct cytotoxicity and immune-mediated mechanisms[1][3][6].