Clindamycin + ketoconazole

Clindamycin + ketoconazole is a fixed-dose combination of two active pharmaceutical ingredients: clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotic, and ketoconazole, an imidazole antifungal. Clindamycin acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing bacterial growth and treating infections caused by susceptible bacteria[4][5]. Ketoconazole inhibits fungal cell membrane synthesis by blocking the cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase, which is essential for ergosterol production in fungi[3]. This combination has been developed primarily for topical or intravaginal use to treat mixed infections such as bacterial vaginosis and vaginal candidiasis (including mixed-type vaginosis), leveraging both antibacterial and antifungal mechanisms. Clinical studies have shown that this dual therapy can be effective against biofilms formed by Candida species without mutual interference between the drugs[6][8].