CS1002 + CS1003

CS1002 + CS1003 is a combination immunotherapy composed of two monoclonal antibodies targeting distinct immune checkpoint proteins. CS1002 is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to and blocks CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), thereby enhancing T cell activation and proliferation. CS1003, also known as nofazinlimab, is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that blocks programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on T cells, preventing its interaction with its ligands and thus reducing immune suppression. The combination aims to produce a synergistic antitumor immune response by simultaneously blocking both CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways. It is being developed primarily by CStone Pharmaceuticals and is under investigation for its safety and efficacy in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors, including microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient tumors, melanoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Early-phase clinical trials have shown a manageable safety profile and promising antitumor activity[1][2][3][4][5][9].