cyclosporine + immunoglobulin + methylprednisolone

This is a combination therapy consisting of three agents—cyclosporine, immunoglobulin (typically intravenous immunoglobulin, IVIG), and methylprednisolone—used for their synergistic immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. - **Cyclosporine** is a calcineurin inhibitor that suppresses T cell activation by inhibiting the phosphatase activity of calcineurin, thereby reducing cytokine production (notably IL-2) and dampening immune responses[5]. - **Immunoglobulin** (IVIG) provides passive immunity and modulates immune function through multiple mechanisms including neutralization of autoantibodies, inhibition of complement activation, modulation of Fc receptors on phagocytes, and suppression of inflammatory mediators. - **Methylprednisolone** is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties; it acts primarily by binding to glucocorticoid receptors to regulate gene expression involved in inflammation[7]. This combination may be used in severe or refractory autoimmune diseases (such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia or severe dermatological emergencies like toxic epidermal necrolysis), transplant rejection prophylaxis/treatment, or other conditions requiring aggressive multi-modal immunosuppression[2][8].