darunavir + dolutegravir + lamivudine + ritonavir

This is a four-drug combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It consists of: - **Darunavir** (a protease inhibitor), - **Dolutegravir** (an integrase strand transfer inhibitor, INSTI), - **Lamivudine** (a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NRTI), and - **Ritonavir** (used here as a pharmacokinetic booster for darunavir). Each component targets a different stage in the HIV replication cycle: - Darunavir inhibits the HIV protease enzyme, preventing viral polyprotein cleavage and resulting in immature, non-infectious virus particles. - Dolutegravir blocks integrase, an enzyme necessary for viral DNA integration into the host genome. - Lamivudine inhibits reverse transcriptase by acting as a chain terminator during viral DNA synthesis. - Ritonavir boosts plasma levels of darunavir by inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A-mediated metabolism. This combination is not available as a single co-formulated product but may be used off-label or in clinical trials to provide potent ART with high barriers to resistance. The regimen is considered especially for patients with prior treatment failure or drug resistance[1][5]. Clinical studies have shown that combinations including these agents can be effective and well-tolerated; however, this specific four-drug combination is not standard first-line therapy nor widely recommended in guidelines[4][7].

Other names

darunavir + dolutegravir + lamivudine + ritonavir