etoposide + nedaplatin + tislelizumab

Etoposide + nedaplatin + tislelizumab is a combination regimen consisting of two cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents (etoposide and nedaplatin) and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (tislelizumab). Etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that induces DNA strand breaks, leading to apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. Nedaplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent that forms DNA crosslinks, inhibiting DNA replication and transcription. Tislelizumab is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on T cells; it blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2, thereby restoring T-cell function and enhancing antitumor immunity[1][2][4]. This combination has been investigated primarily for the treatment of advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cancer, or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma as first-line therapy in patients whose tumors express PD-L1[6][8][9].