gemtuzumab ozogamicin + all-trans retinoic acid

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin + all-trans retinoic acid is a combination of an antibody-drug conjugate and a differentiation-inducing agent, investigated for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), primarily acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and other subtypes. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is a humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody conjugated to calicheamicin, a cytotoxic agent, which binds CD33 on leukemia cells, is internalized, and releases calicheamicin to cause DNA double-strand breaks and cell death[5][2]. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) acts by binding retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and induces differentiation and apoptosis of leukemic cells[4][6]. This combination aims to harness the cytotoxicity of gemtuzumab ozogamicin and the differentiation/apoptosis-inducing activity of ATRA to improve outcomes in patients, especially those unable to tolerate conventional chemotherapy[1][3].