glucose + GIP

This is a combination of two agents—glucose (a simple sugar and primary energy source) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP, also known as gastric inhibitory polypeptide), an incretin hormone. Glucose is the main carbohydrate used by the body for energy, while GIP is secreted from the gut in response to nutrient ingestion and acts primarily to potentiate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells in a glucose-dependent manner. The combination of exogenous glucose with GIP has been studied experimentally to assess their synergistic effects on insulin secretion, glycemic control, and metabolic responses. In healthy individuals, GIP amplifies the insulin response after oral glucose intake; however, this effect is diminished in people with type 2 diabetes due to reduced sensitivity or downregulation of GIP receptors on β-cells[1][2]. While dual agonists targeting both GLP-1 and GIP receptors (such as tirzepatide) are approved therapies for diabetes and obesity[6][7], there is no evidence that "glucose + GIP" as a fixed pharmaceutical combination product exists or is approved for clinical use.