glutamine + clostridium butyricum

This combination therapy consists of the amino acid L-glutamine and the butyrate-producing probiotic bacterium *Clostridium butyricum*. It is primarily investigated by Shanghai Children's Hospital for the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) and minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) in pediatric patients. The rationale behind this combination is to address the gut-kidney axis by restoring intestinal barrier integrity and modulating the gut microbiota. Glutamine serves as a primary energy source for enterocytes, promoting mucosal repair and reducing intestinal permeability. *Clostridium butyricum* is a probiotic that produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate, which regulates the immune system by inducing the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and inhibiting inflammatory responses through HDAC inhibition and GPR41/43 activation. Together, they aim to reduce the frequency of relapses and improve the immune status of children with nephrotic syndrome who are often on long-term corticosteroid or immunosuppressant therapy.

Other names

L-glutamine + Clostridium butyricum