guanosine-5'-monophosphate

Guanosine‐5′‐monophosphate (GMP) is a purine ribonucleotide composed of the nucleobase guanine attached to a ribose sugar and a single phosphate group. It serves as one of the four main monomeric units in RNA synthesis and plays an essential role in cellular metabolism, including acting as an intermediate in the purine salvage pathway. GMP is also involved in modulating glutamatergic neurotransmission and can act as an antagonist at glutamate receptors at moderate to high concentrations. Commercially, it is produced by microbial fermentation and used widely for research, pharmaceutical development (including antiviral and anticancer drug formulation), diagnostics, cell culture media supplementation, and as a flavor enhancer in food products[1][2][3][4][5]. Although GMP has important biological functions and research uses—including modulation of neurotransmission—it is not classified or approved as a pharmaceutical drug for any specific disease indication. It is primarily used experimentally or industrially rather than therapeutically[2][3]. Its antagonism at glutamate receptors has been observed only at relatively high concentrations[6].

Other names

guanosine monophosphateGMPguanylic acidguanylate5′‐guanidylic acidguanylsaure