HA@RFM@GP@SIN nanoparticles

HA@RFM@GP@SIN nanoparticles are a preclinical **nanoparticle** anti-rheumatic formulation designed for targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The construct comprises **sinomenine hydrochloride** loaded onto graphene oxide quantum dots, further coated with a **hyaluronic acid inserted hybrid membrane**, to improve delivery to inflamed synovial lesions. In reported rat models of adjuvant-induced and collagen-induced arthritis, this nanomedicine reduced synovial inflammation and hyperplasia, promoted macrophage repolarization from M1 to M2, inhibited abnormal proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and protected against cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Mechanistically, the study links activity to suppression of the **PI3K/Akt/SGK/FoxO signaling cascade**, reduction of cyclin B1, G2-phase arrest, and induction of apoptosis in synoviocytes. The product appears to be an academic-stage experimental formulation rather than a commercial pharmaceutical product.

Other names

HA + RFM + GP + SINHA@RFM@GP@SINhyaluronic acid inserted hybrid membrane graphene oxide quantum dots sinomenine hydrochloride nanoparticles