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Hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HF-MSCs) are an autologous or allogeneic cell therapy harvested from the dermal papilla or dermal sheath of human hair follicles. Developed by the **Hui Yisen Cell Gene Engineering Company**, these cells are being investigated for the treatment of **alopecia areata** and **androgenetic alopecia**. HF-MSCs function through a dual mechanism: they exert potent immunomodulatory effects by reducing the infiltration of **CD8+ T-lymphocytes** and suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as **Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)** and **Interleukin-6 (IL-6)**, while also restoring immune privilege by downregulating **Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I)**. Additionally, they promote hair follicle regeneration by upregulating the proliferation marker **Ki-67** and inhibiting apoptotic pathways involving **Caspase-1**. The therapy can be administered via intravenous injection or local injection into the scalp.
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