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A **combination DNA vaccine** consisting of a plasmid encoding an RNA-optimized, truncated HIV-1 gag gene (p37, derived from HIV-1 strain HXB2) and a plasmid encoding interleukin-15 (IL-15) used as a cytokine DNA adjuvant. The gag DNA vaccine is designed to express the Gag protein to elicit HIV-specific immune responses, while IL-15 is included to enhance T-cell and NK cell activation, and promote long-lived memory T cell responses. The vaccine has primarily been tested in phase 1 human clinical trials for safety and immunogenicity as an investigational preventive HIV vaccine. Early trials have shown the combination is safe, but cellular immunogenicity in humans was poor, with no apparent augmentation of immune response from IL-15 DNA addition. All vaccinations were administered intramuscularly. The approach tested in the cited clinical trials does not have an established brand name and has not proceeded to later-stage clinical development[1][2][3].
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