indoximod + cyclophosphamide + etoposide

This is a combination investigational regimen combining three agents: indoximod, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide. **Indoximod** is a small molecule inhibitor targeting the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway to reduce immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and promote anti-tumor immune responses. **Cyclophosphamide** and **etoposide** are established cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents: cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that cross-links DNA, and etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that induces DNA strand breaks, both leading to tumor cell death. This regimen has been evaluated in clinical trials as a **chemo-immunotherapy approach** for pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed or refractory brain tumors, aiming to combine immune checkpoint inhibition (via indoximod) with oral metronomic chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, etoposide) for enhanced anti-tumor efficacy.