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**Inulin + fructo-oligosaccharides** is a combination of two related, naturally occurring dietary fibers with prebiotic properties. Inulin is a soluble fiber primarily extracted from plants like chicory root, while fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are shorter chains of fructose molecules. Both resist digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and reach the colon largely intact, where they are fermented by beneficial gut bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, stimulating their growth. This modulation of the gut microbiota is associated with beneficial effects on digestion, immune modulation, and metabolic function. The combination is studied for a variety of conditions including constipation, type 2 diabetes, weight management, and as adjunct supportive care in cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, particularly because of the production of short-chain fatty acids like butyrate, which support gut health and may reduce inflammation. The combination may also enhance calcium absorption, potentially benefiting bone health. Inulin and FOS are generally safe, though they may cause gastrointestinal discomfort at higher doses or in individuals sensitive to fermentable carbohydrates.
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