ipilimumab + nintedanib + nivolumab

A combination therapy consisting of two immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab and ipilimumab) and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (nintedanib). Nivolumab is an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody that blocks the PD-1 receptor, preventing cancer cells from evading immune detection. Ipilimumab is an anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody that helps strengthen the immune system by promoting the function and growth of T-cells. Nintedanib is an oral triple kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and also inhibits the activity of immunosuppressive cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment. This triple combination aims to enhance anti-tumor immune responses through complementary mechanisms.