ketorolac + acetaminophen

This multimodal analgesic regimen combines intravenous ketorolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with oral acetaminophen (paracetamol) to manage postoperative pain. Developed and studied by researchers at the University of Puerto Rico, the regimen is designed as an opioid-sparing strategy for patients undergoing orthopedic procedures, such as intramedullary nail fixation for tibial and femoral shaft fractures. Ketorolac exerts its effect by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, thereby reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Acetaminophen provides complementary central analgesic effects, likely through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes within the central nervous system. This combination aims to provide effective pain relief while minimizing the requirement for opioid medications like morphine and oxycodone.

Other names

Intravenous ketorolac and oral acetaminophen