lipopolysaccharide + epinephrine

Lipopolysaccharide + epinephrine is a pharmacological challenge combination used in clinical research to model systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and investigate neuroendocrine-immune interactions. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serves as a potent agonist of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), inducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6. Epinephrine, a non-selective adrenergic agonist, is co-administered to simulate the sympathetic nervous system's response to stress and to study its modulatory effects on the LPS-induced inflammatory cascade. This model is frequently employed in Phase 1 studies, such as those conducted by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, to evaluate the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents like hydrocortisone in mitigating the symptoms and biochemical markers of endotoxemia.

Other names

endotoxin + epinephrinelipopolysaccharide + adrenalineendotoxin + adrenaline